Infertility is defined by the International Council on Infertility Information Dissemination (INCID) as a man and a woman who have been unable to conceive after a full year of unprotected intercourse. Infertility is caused by both men and women, and sometimes the problem is a shared one. This article discusses some of the common causes of infertility in both men and women.

Primary fertility is described as when a man and a woman have tried to conceive, but have never achieved a pregnancy together. There are many possible causes of primary infertility including a wide range of physical and emotional factors.

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The first is Endometriosis. Endometriosis is a condition where the tissue that lines the uterus, (endometrial tissue,) sheds each month with the period but grows back outside the uterus. Symptoms of this particular condition include painful menstruation, irregular or heavy bleeding and repeated miscarriages. Fortunately, there are surgical solutions for women experiencing endometriosis. Using Leparoscopic surgery you can remove tissue and unblock tubes. After an laparoscopic surgery forty to sixty percent are able to conceive within a year and a half after surgery.

Ovulation problems are also a common condition that results in infertility in women. Endometriosis is a condition where the tissue that lines the uterus, (endometrial tissue,) sheds each month with the period but grows outside the uterus. This is usually due to a hormonal imbalance. There are drugs on the market that help stimulate proper ovulation. Some examples are human chorionic gonadotrophin and Clomiphene. With proper treatment, seventy percent of women are able to achieve ovulation while twenty to sixty percent are able to get pregnant.

Another common problem that affects fertility in women is egg quality. In certain circumstances a woman’s eggs can become damaged in such a way as to not sustain a pregnancy. Usually egg quality problems are due to advanced age because the overall quality of eggs declines as a woman reaches her late thirties and early forties. Unfortunately there are no ways to treat egg deterioration due to aging. Egg donation or surrogacy is a solution that many couples use when running into problems associated with egg quality. Around forty-three percent of women who receive a fertilized egg from a donor are able to become pregnant.

Infertility can be attributed to the man between thirty-five and forty percent of the time. Male tube blockages is one of the most common conditions experienced by men unable to properly fertilize an egg. A tube blockage includes anything that obstructs the vas deferens or epididymuis. The blockage stops sperm from making the journey from the testicles proper delivery. It is possible to use surgery to discover, isolate and repair obstructions. Of those who undergo surgery to repair tube blockages, around forty percent are capable of properly impregnating their partner within twelve months of the surgery.

Another common problem for men experiencing infertility has to do with the sperm itself. If a man has a low sperm count, it could be that fertility drugs are needed to boost the production of sperm. Another option is artificial insemination, where a doctor injects sperm from a donor directly into an egg. Artificial insemination results in about a twenty-five percent success rate.

Less than ten percent of men and women who are infertile have negative reactions to sperm. For couples who are experiencing problems related to sperm allergy, a number of sperm cleaning solutions are available. Intrauterine insemination and assisted conception treatments are two examples of solutions for those experiencing sperm allergy. The rate of success is believed to be anywhere between the twenty and forty percent range, though the numbers are sometimes debated.

Finally, between twenty and thirty-five percent of all fertility problems for both men and women go unexplained. Studies have shown that fifteen to thirty percent of couples that are experiencing fertility problems are able to conceive within five years. For those who are not able to conceive w

Now that you are an expectant mother, it is very important to make the right health choices, especially when choosing foods to eat when pregnant. Proper nutrition when pregnant is not any different from what proper every-day nutrition should be. You need to aim for a well-balanced diet with the right proportions of proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals, and even fat.

When pregnant, you need to increase your calorie intake by approximately 300 calories a day (which by the way is equivalent to one glass of milk), and your intake of proteins and some vitamins and minerals (such as folic acid and calcium). You have to eat foods rich in fiber such as fruits, nuts, vegetables, cereals and whole grains.

However, if there are pregnancy foods that you will need to eat more of, there are also certain pregnancy foods to avoid.

Junk Foods:

Junk foods are first and foremost, a no-no. Junk food offers you empty calories – you take in calories but get no nutrients.

Seafood high in mercury:

Although seafoods are excellent sources of protein, iron and omega-3 fatty acids, they can pose potential risks as they can contain dangerous levels of mercury. Intake of too much mercury can hamper the proper development of your baby’s developing nervous system. Care must be taken to avoid seafoods like tilefish, swordfish, king mackerel and shark. Seafoods such as shrimp, salmon, tuna, catfish and cod, are generally safe foods to eat when pregnant.

Raw or undercooked foods:

If you are fond of sushi or rare steaks, you will need to tighten your belt and avoid them during pregnancy. Raw foods contain high levels of bacteria which can obviously increase the risk of food poisoning which can be serious for your unborn baby. To be safe, keep away from these foods and eat only those that are cooked properly. This applies to eggs – make sure your egg is cooked until the egg yolk and the egg white are completely firm.

Unpasteurized foods:

Dairy products that are low in fat, such as skimmed milk and cottage cheese can provide a health boost. However, products made from unpasteurized milk are among pregnancy foods to avoid – this includes soft cheeses such as feta, blue cheese or camembert.

Large quantities of liver:

Liver can be a rich source of iron, which is one of the most important nutrients during pregnancy. However, make sure you don’t eat too much. Liver contains high levels of Vitamin A, too much of which can cause birth defects.

When talking about what foods to eat when pregnant and what foods not to eat, you might wonder if there are drinks to avoid as well. Generally, too much caffeine (from coffee or tea) and alcohol are definite no-no’s in your pregnancy diet. Although there is no significant proof as to the damage these could cause, it is safest to avoid them entirely.